/* ALFAJR Journal — no web fonts, no frameworks: fast LCP/CLS by design */
:root{
  --ink:#141210; --ink-2:#2b2622; --muted:#6b6255; --line:#e6dcc8; --paper:#fbf8f2; --cream:#f3ecdf; --sand:#e7dcc6;
  --red:#9b1c1c; --red-dark:#7a1414; --olive:#4d5a2c; --gold:#b8893b; --white:#fff;
  --serif:"Iowan Old Style","Palatino Linotype",Palatino,"Book Antiqua",Georgia,"Noto Serif",serif;
  --sans:system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,"Helvetica Neue",Arial,"Noto Sans",sans-serif;
  --urdu:"Noto Nastaliq Urdu","Jameel Noori Nastaleeq","Urdu Typesetting",serif;
  --radius:14px; --wrap:1180px; --narrow:760px;
  --net-c:var(--ink);
  --net:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,transparent 0 7px,var(--net-c) 7px 8.5px),repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg,transparent 0 7px,var(--net-c) 7px 8.5px);
}
*,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:border-box}
html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:90px}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*{transition:none!important;animation:none!important}}
body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font:17px/1.65 var(--sans);text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}
img{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block}
a{color:var(--red);text-underline-offset:3px;text-decoration-thickness:1px}
a:hover{color:var(--red-dark)}
h1,h2,h3{font-family:var(--serif);line-height:1.18;color:var(--ink);letter-spacing:-.01em}
h1{font-size:clamp(2rem,4.6vw,3.25rem);margin:.2em 0 .35em;font-weight:700}
h2{font-size:clamp(1.45rem,2.6vw,1.9rem);margin:1.6em 0 .5em}
h3{font-size:1.22rem;margin:1.3em 0 .4em}
p{margin:0 0 1em}
[lang="ur"]{font-family:var(--urdu);line-height:2.1;font-size:1.05em}
.wrap{max-width:var(--wrap);margin:0 auto;padding:0 20px}
.narrow{max-width:var(--narrow)}
.sr{position:absolute!important;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);white-space:nowrap}
.skip{position:absolute;left:-999px;top:8px;background:var(--ink);color:#fff;padding:8px 14px;border-radius:8px;z-index:100}
.skip:focus{left:8px}
:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--gold);outline-offset:2px}
.center{text-align:center}

/* buttons */
.btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;background:var(--red);color:#fff;border:0;border-radius:999px;padding:12px 22px;font:600 15px/1.2 var(--sans);text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;transition:background .15s,transform .15s}
.btn:hover{background:var(--red-dark);color:#fff;transform:translateY(-1px)}
.btn-ghost{background:transparent;color:var(--ink);box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1.5px var(--ink)}
.btn-ghost:hover{background:var(--ink);color:#fff}

/* keffiyeh net pattern */
.pattern{--net:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,transparent 0 7px,var(--net-c) 7px 8.5px),repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg,transparent 0 7px,var(--net-c) 7px 8.5px);display:block;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:120px;background-color:var(--cream);background-image:var(--net);opacity:.9;position:relative}
.pattern::before,.pattern::after{content:"";position:absolute;left:0;right:0;height:18px;background:repeating-linear-gradient(90deg,var(--net-c) 0 10px,transparent 10px 14px)}
.grid>:nth-child(3n+2) .pattern,.product-grid>:nth-child(3n+2) .pattern{--net-c:var(--red)}
.grid>:nth-child(3n) .pattern,.product-grid>:nth-child(3n) .pattern{--net-c:var(--olive)}
.card-media .pattern{opacity:.75}
.pattern::before{top:12%}.pattern::after{bottom:12%}
.pattern.big{border-radius:50% 50% var(--radius) var(--radius);min-height:380px;box-shadow:0 30px 60px -30px rgba(20,18,16,.45)}
.pattern-band{height:22px;background:var(--cream);background-image:repeating-linear-gradient(90deg,var(--ink) 0 14px,transparent 14px 20px,var(--ink) 20px 22px,transparent 22px 30px)}

/* top bar & header */
.topbar{background:var(--ink);color:#d8ccb4;font-size:13px}
.topbar-inner{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:12px;min-height:36px}
.topbar p{margin:0}
.region-switch{display:flex;gap:2px}
.region-switch a{color:#e8dcc4;text-decoration:none;padding:3px 9px;border-radius:999px}
.region-switch a:hover,.region-switch a.is-local{background:#2f2a25;color:#fff}
@media(max-width:640px){.topbar p{display:none}.topbar-inner{justify-content:center}}
.site-header{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:50;background:rgba(251,248,242,.94);backdrop-filter:saturate(1.4) blur(8px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.header-inner{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:18px;min-height:68px}
.brand{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.3rem;white-space:nowrap}
.brand strong{letter-spacing:.06em}.brand em{color:var(--red);font-style:italic}
.brand-light{color:#fff}.brand-light em{color:var(--gold)}
.site-nav{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:16px;flex:1;justify-content:flex-end}
.site-nav ul{display:flex;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;gap:4px}
.site-nav ul a{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;font-size:15px;padding:8px 10px;border-radius:8px;white-space:nowrap}
.site-nav ul a:hover{background:var(--cream)}
.nav-search input{width:170px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;border-radius:999px;padding:8px 14px;font:14px var(--sans)}
.btn-shop{padding:10px 18px;font-size:14px;white-space:nowrap}
.nav-toggle{display:none;margin-left:auto;background:none;border:0;width:44px;height:44px;cursor:pointer;position:relative}
.nav-toggle span:first-child,.nav-toggle span:first-child::before,.nav-toggle span:first-child::after{position:absolute;left:11px;width:22px;height:2px;background:var(--ink);content:"";transition:.2s}
.nav-toggle span:first-child{top:21px}.nav-toggle span:first-child::before{left:0;top:-7px}.nav-toggle span:first-child::after{left:0;top:7px}
@media(max-width:1240px){
  .nav-toggle{display:block}
  .site-nav{position:absolute;top:100%;left:0;right:0;background:var(--paper);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;padding:12px 20px 20px;display:none}
  .site-nav.open{display:flex}
  .site-nav ul{flex-direction:column}
  .nav-search input{width:100%}
}
.geo-hint{background:var(--sand);font-size:15px}
.geo-hint .wrap{display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:center;min-height:44px;flex-wrap:wrap}
.geo-hint a{font-weight:600}
.geo-close{margin-left:auto;background:none;border:0;font-size:22px;cursor:pointer;line-height:1}

/* hero */
.hero{background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--cream),var(--paper));border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.hero-inner{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.25fr .75fr;gap:48px;align-items:center;padding-top:56px;padding-bottom:56px}
@media(max-width:860px){.hero-inner{grid-template-columns:1fr}.hero-art{display:none}}
.eyebrow{text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.14em;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:700;color:var(--red);margin:0 0 .4em}
.lede{font-size:1.15rem;color:var(--ink-2);max-width:62ch}
.hero-actions{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;margin:22px 0}
.trust{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:24px;list-style:none;padding:0;margin:20px 0 0;color:var(--muted);font-size:14px}
.trust strong{display:block;font:700 1.5rem var(--serif);color:var(--ink)}

/* sections */
.section{padding-top:56px;padding-bottom:16px}
.section-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:16px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:20px}
.section-head h2{margin:0}.section-head p{margin:0;color:var(--muted)}
.more{font-weight:600;text-decoration:none}
.band{background:var(--cream);margin-top:56px;padding-bottom:48px;border-block:1px solid var(--line)}
.small-h{font-size:1.2rem}

/* grid & cards */
.grid{display:grid;gap:24px}
.grid-3{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(290px,1fr))}
.card{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);overflow:hidden;display:flex;flex-direction:column;transition:transform .2s,box-shadow .2s}
.card:hover{transform:translateY(-3px);box-shadow:0 18px 40px -24px rgba(20,18,16,.35)}
.card-media{aspect-ratio:16/10;overflow:hidden;background:var(--cream);display:block}
.card-media img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover}
.card-media .pattern{min-height:100%}
.card-body{padding:18px 20px 20px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex:1}
.card h3{margin:.35em 0 .4em;font-size:1.2rem}
.card h3 a{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none}
.card h3 a:hover{color:var(--red)}
.card p{color:var(--ink-2);font-size:15px}
.card .meta{margin-top:auto;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}
.chips{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px}
.chip{display:inline-block;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.03em;padding:3px 10px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--cream);color:var(--ink-2);text-decoration:none}
.chip-region{background:#efe3c8;color:#5a4410}
a.chip:hover{background:var(--sand)}

/* region cards */
.region-cards{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(220px,1fr));gap:16px}
.region-card{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:6px;padding:22px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink);transition:.2s;position:relative;overflow:hidden}
.region-card::after{content:"";position:absolute;right:-30px;top:-30px;width:90px;height:90px;background-image:var(--net);opacity:.08;border-radius:50%}
.region-card:hover{border-color:var(--ink);color:var(--ink)}
.region-card .flag{font-size:1.8rem}
.region-card strong{font:700 1.25rem var(--serif)}
.region-card span{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted)}
.region-card em{font-style:normal;font-weight:600;color:var(--red);font-size:14px;margin-top:auto}

/* topics */
.topic-list{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(260px,1fr));gap:14px}
.topic{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding:18px 20px;border-left:4px solid var(--red);background:#fff;border-radius:0 var(--radius) var(--radius) 0;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink)}
.topic strong{font:700 1.1rem var(--serif)}.topic span{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted)}.topic em{font-style:normal;font-size:13px;color:var(--red);margin-top:6px}

/* product cards */
.product-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(200px,1fr));gap:16px;margin:1.4em 0}
.product-grid.one{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,420px)}
.product-card{display:flex;flex-direction:column;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink);transition:.2s}
.product-card:hover{border-color:var(--ink);transform:translateY(-2px);color:var(--ink)}
.product-card .media{aspect-ratio:1/1;background:var(--cream);overflow:hidden;display:block}
.product-card .media img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover}
.product-card .media .pattern{min-height:100%}
.product-card .body{padding:14px 16px 16px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:4px;flex:1}
.product-card strong{font:700 1.02rem/1.3 var(--serif)}
.product-card .desc{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--muted)}
.product-card .price{font-weight:700}
.product-card .go{margin-top:auto;padding-top:8px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;color:var(--red)}
.product-grid.one .product-card{flex-direction:row}
.product-grid.one .media{width:42%;aspect-ratio:auto;min-height:160px}

/* CTA */
.cta-block{display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;flex-wrap:wrap;background:var(--ink);color:#e8dcc4;border-radius:var(--radius);padding:24px 26px;margin:2em 0;position:relative;overflow:hidden}
.cta-block::before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0 auto 0 0;width:10px;background:repeating-linear-gradient(180deg,var(--red) 0 10px,transparent 10px 14px)}
.cta-block strong{display:block;color:#fff;font:700 1.25rem var(--serif);margin-bottom:4px}
.cta-block p{margin:0;max-width:52ch;font-size:15px}
.cta-block .btn{background:var(--gold);color:var(--ink)}
.cta-block .btn:hover{background:#fff}
.cta-whatsapp .btn{background:#25d366;color:#08300f}

/* article */
.progress{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;height:3px;z-index:60}
.progress span{display:block;height:100%;width:0;background:var(--red)}
.article-head{padding-top:28px}
.article-head h1{margin-top:.3em}
.byline{font-size:14.5px;color:var(--muted)}
.byline a{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600}
.crumbs{margin-bottom:12px}
.crumbs ol{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px;list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;font-size:13.5px;color:var(--muted)}
.crumbs li+li::before{content:"›";margin-right:6px}
.crumbs a{color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none}.crumbs a:hover{color:var(--red)}
.article-hero{margin:28px auto 0}
.article-hero img{width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:16/9;max-height:560px;object-fit:cover;border-radius:var(--radius);background:var(--cream)}
.article-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,var(--narrow)) 300px;gap:56px;justify-content:center;padding-top:28px}
@media(max-width:1060px){.article-layout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,var(--narrow))}.article-side{display:none}}
.article-side{position:relative}
.toc-desktop{position:sticky;top:96px;font-size:14px;max-height:calc(100vh - 120px);overflow:auto}
.toc ol{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:8px 0 0;border-left:2px solid var(--line)}
.toc li a{display:block;padding:5px 0 5px 14px;color:var(--ink-2);text-decoration:none;margin-left:-2px;border-left:2px solid transparent}
.toc li.l3 a{padding-left:28px;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}
.toc li a:hover,.toc li a.active{color:var(--red);border-left-color:var(--red)}
.toc-mobile{display:none;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:12px 16px;margin:0 0 24px;background:#fff}
.toc-mobile summary{font-weight:700;cursor:pointer}
@media(max-width:1060px){.toc-mobile{display:block}}
.side-cta{margin-top:28px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);background:#fff;overflow:hidden;text-align:center;padding-bottom:18px}
.side-cta .pattern{min-height:110px;margin-bottom:12px}
.side-cta strong{font:700 1.1rem var(--serif);display:block;padding:0 16px}
.side-cta p{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted)}
.qa-label{font-size:12px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--red);margin:0 0 6px}
.quick-answer{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:5px solid var(--red);border-radius:0 var(--radius) var(--radius) 0;padding:18px 22px;margin:0 0 20px;font-size:1.06rem}
.quick-answer p:last-child{margin:0}
.takeaways{background:var(--cream);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:18px 22px;margin:0 0 28px}
.takeaways ul{margin:0;padding-left:20px}.takeaways li{margin:4px 0}

/* prose */
.prose{font-size:1.06rem}
.prose>*:first-child{margin-top:0}
.prose h2{padding-top:.3em;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.prose ul,.prose ol{padding-left:1.4em}
.prose li{margin:.35em 0}
.prose table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:1.4em 0;font-size:15px;display:block;overflow-x:auto}
.prose th,.prose td{text-align:left;padding:10px 12px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);vertical-align:top}
.prose thead th{background:var(--ink);color:#fff;font-weight:600}
.prose tbody tr:nth-child(even){background:#fff}
.prose blockquote{margin:1.5em 0;padding:4px 22px;border-left:4px solid var(--gold);font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.2rem;color:var(--ink-2)}
.prose img{border-radius:10px;margin:1.4em 0}
.prose figure{margin:1.4em 0}.prose figcaption{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:6px}
.note{background:#fbf3df;border:1px solid #ecd9a6;border-radius:var(--radius);padding:14px 18px;margin:1.5em 0;font-size:15.5px}
.howto{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:8px 24px 18px;margin:2em 0}
.howto ol{counter-reset:s;list-style:none;padding:0}
.howto li{counter-increment:s;position:relative;padding:8px 0 8px 46px;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--line)}
.howto li:last-child{border:0}
.howto li::before{content:counter(s);position:absolute;left:0;top:8px;width:30px;height:30px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--red);color:#fff;font-weight:700;display:grid;place-items:center;font-size:14px}
.faq{margin:2.4em 0}
.faq details{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:2px 0}
.faq summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;align-items:center}
.faq summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}
.faq summary::after{content:"+";font-size:1.5rem;color:var(--red);transition:transform .2s}
.faq details[open] summary::after{transform:rotate(45deg)}
.faq summary h3{margin:14px 0;font-size:1.1rem}
.faq-a{padding-bottom:12px;color:var(--ink-2)}
.shop-this{margin:2.4em 0}
.tags{font-size:14px}.tags a{margin-right:8px;text-decoration:none}
.share{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;align-items:center;font-size:14px;margin:1.5em 0;padding:14px 0;border-block:1px solid var(--line)}
.share a,.share button{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:var(--ink);border-radius:999px;padding:6px 14px;text-decoration:none;font:600 13px var(--sans);cursor:pointer}
.share a:hover,.share button:hover{border-color:var(--ink)}
.author-box{display:flex;gap:18px;align-items:flex-start;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:20px;margin:2em 0}
.author-box img{width:72px;height:72px;border-radius:50%;object-fit:cover;flex:none}
.author-box p{margin:0 0 6px;font-size:15px}

/* lists, hubs */
.list-head,.hub-hero{background:var(--cream);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:30px 0 34px}
.list-head h1 .pg{font-size:.5em;color:var(--muted)}
.hub-hero .quick-answer{margin-top:16px}
.points{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(230px,1fr));gap:18px}
.point{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:20px}
.point h3{margin:0 0 6px}.point p{margin:0;color:var(--ink-2);font-size:15px}
.cat-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:12px}
.pager{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;gap:20px;margin:36px 0 0;font-size:15px}
.pager a{font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}
.empty{color:var(--muted);font-size:1.1rem}
.big-search{display:flex;gap:10px;margin:18px 0 0;max-width:560px}
.big-search input{flex:1;border:1.5px solid var(--ink);border-radius:999px;padding:12px 18px;font:16px var(--sans);background:#fff}
.center .big-search{margin-inline:auto}
.author-hero{display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start;margin-top:12px}
.author-hero img{width:96px;height:96px;border-radius:50%;object-fit:cover;flex:none}

/* newsletter & footer */
.newsletter{background:var(--olive);color:#eef0e2;margin-top:64px}
.newsletter-inner{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1.1fr;gap:28px;align-items:center;padding-top:40px;padding-bottom:40px}
@media(max-width:820px){.newsletter-inner{grid-template-columns:1fr}}
.newsletter h2{color:#fff;margin:0 0 6px}
.newsletter p{margin:0}
.subscribe{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px}
.subscribe input[type=email],.subscribe select{flex:1 1 200px;border:0;border-radius:999px;padding:12px 16px;font:15px var(--sans);background:#fff;color:var(--ink)}
.subscribe .btn{background:var(--ink)}
.subscribe .form-msg{flex-basis:100%;margin:0;font-weight:600;min-height:1.2em}
.hp{position:absolute;left:-9999px;width:1px;height:1px}
.site-footer{background:var(--ink);color:#c9bda6;font-size:15px}
.footer-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.5fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;gap:32px;padding-top:44px;padding-bottom:28px}
@media(max-width:900px){.footer-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}}
@media(max-width:520px){.footer-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}}
.site-footer h3{color:#fff;font-size:1rem;margin:0 0 10px;font-family:var(--sans);letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase}
.site-footer ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.site-footer li{margin:6px 0}
.site-footer a{color:#e8dcc4;text-decoration:none}.site-footer a:hover{color:#fff;text-decoration:underline}
.footer-legal{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;border-top:1px solid #2f2a25;padding-top:18px;padding-bottom:28px;font-size:13.5px}
.footer-legal p{margin:0}
.wa-float{position:fixed;right:18px;bottom:18px;width:54px;height:54px;border-radius:50%;background:#25d366;color:#fff;display:grid;place-items:center;box-shadow:0 10px 24px -8px rgba(0,0,0,.45);z-index:40}
.wa-float:hover{color:#fff;transform:scale(1.06)}
@media print{.topbar,.site-header,.newsletter,.site-footer,.wa-float,.article-side,.share,.progress{display:none!important}}